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Navigate the American court system with confidence
The United States has a dual court system consisting of federal courts and state courts. Each system has its own hierarchy and handles different types of cases. Understanding which court has jurisdiction over your case is crucial for navigating the legal system.
Handle cases involving federal law, disputes between states, and cases where the U.S. government is a party.
U.S. District Courts
Trial courts (94 districts)
U.S. Courts of Appeals
Appellate courts (13 circuits)
U.S. Supreme Court
Highest court in the nation
Handle most criminal and civil cases, including family law, contracts, property disputes, and state law violations.
Trial Courts
Where cases start
Appellate Courts
Review trial court decisions
State Supreme Court
Highest state court
A case begins when someone files a lawsuit (civil) or when charges are brought (criminal).
Defendant appears before a judge for the first time.
Both sides gather evidence and information about the case.
Parties may file motions to resolve issues before trial.
Both sides present their case to a judge or jury.
Judge or jury decides the case.
Losing party may appeal to a higher court.
Handles disputes involving small amounts of money (usually under $5,000-$10,000)
Handles divorce, child custody, adoption, and domestic violence matters
Handles wills, estates, guardianships, and conservatorships
Handles traffic violations and parking tickets
Federal courts that handle bankruptcy cases
Federal court handling disputes with the IRS
Explore additional resources to navigate the court system.