Loading...
Please wait while we load the content
Legal Disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For specific legal guidance, please consult with a licensed attorney.
Please wait while we load the content
Civil rights are the guarantees of equal social opportunities and protection under the law, regardless of race, religion, sex, or other characteristics. These rights ensure that all people have the freedom to participate in the civic and political life of society.
Federal law prohibits discrimination based on these characteristics in various contexts (employment, housing, education, etc.):
Note: Some states and localities provide additional protected categories beyond federal law.
Enacted 1964
Landmark legislation prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
Key Provisions:
Enacted 1968
Prohibits discrimination in housing based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, familial status, or disability.
Key Provisions:
Enacted 1990
Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life.
Key Provisions:
Enacted 1965
Prohibits racial discrimination in voting and protects the right to vote.
Key Provisions:
Intentional discrimination where someone is treated differently because of a protected characteristic.
Example:
An employer refuses to hire qualified women for a position, only hiring men.
Policies or practices that appear neutral but have a discriminatory effect on a protected group.
Example:
A height requirement for a job that isn't job-related disproportionately excludes women.
Unwelcome conduct based on a protected characteristic that creates a hostile environment.
Example:
Repeated racial slurs or offensive jokes in the workplace.
Punishing someone for complaining about discrimination or participating in an investigation.
Example:
Firing an employee who filed a discrimination complaint.
Protection from discrimination in hiring, firing, promotions, and working conditions.
Equal access to housing opportunities without discrimination.
Equal educational opportunities for all students.
Equal access to businesses and facilities open to the public.
Right to vote without discrimination or barriers.
Equal access to public services and programs.
EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission)
Workplace discrimination - file within 180-300 days
HUD (Housing and Urban Development)
Housing discrimination - file within 1 year
DOJ Civil Rights Division
Police misconduct, hate crimes, voting rights
OCR (Office for Civil Rights)
Education discrimination - file within 180 days
Explore additional resources to understand and protect your civil rights.